✓
Passing This code compiles and runs correctly.
Code
// Cross-target math builtins: the host-builtin family that lowers to
// `Math.*` in the JS emitter must produce identical numbers on both lanes —
// Zig builtins on one side, Math.* on the other, same source, same decimals.
import std/io
std/io:print("sin {{ @sin(0.5):d:.4 }} cos {{ @cos(0.5):d:.4 }} tan {{ @tan(0.5):d:.4 }}\n")
std/io:print("exp {{ @exp(1.0):d:.4 }} exp2 {{ @exp2(3.0):d:.4 }} log {{ @log(10.0):d:.4 }} log2 {{ @log2(8.0):d:.4 }} log10 {{ @log10(1000.0):d:.4 }}\n")
std/io:print("floor {{ @floor(1.7):d:.4 }} ceil {{ @ceil(1.2):d:.4 }} trunc {{ @trunc(-1.7):d:.4 }} sqrt {{ @sqrt(2.0):d:.4 }} abs {{ @abs(-3.5):d:.4 }}\n")
std/io:print("min {{ @min(1.0, 2.5):d:.4 }} max {{ @max(1.0, 2.5):d:.4 }}\n")
Actual
sin 0.4794 cos 0.8776 tan 0.5463
exp 2.7183 exp2 8.0000 log 2.3026 log2 3.0000 log10 3.0000
floor 1.0000 ceil 2.0000 trunc -1.0000 sqrt 1.4142 abs 3.5000
min 1.0000 max 2.5000
Expected output
✓ Zig✓ JavaScript✓ C#sin 0.4794 cos 0.8776 tan 0.5463
exp 2.7183 exp2 8.0000 log 2.3026 log2 3.0000 log10 3.0000
floor 1.0000 ceil 2.0000 trunc -1.0000 sqrt 1.4142 abs 3.5000
min 1.0000 max 2.5000
Emitted Zig source
// Access compiler flags via the per-user compiler_env module
const CompilerEnv = @import("compiler_env").CompilerEnv;
pub const panic = if (@import("builtin").mode == .Debug)
@import("std").debug.FullPanic(@import("std").debug.defaultPanic)
else
@import("std").debug.simple_panic;
const __koru_bare = struct {
extern fn posix_memalign(memptr: *?*anyopaque, alignment: usize, size: usize) c_int;
extern fn free(ptr: ?*anyopaque) void;
fn bareAlloc(_: *anyopaque, len: usize, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, _: usize) ?[*]u8 {
var p: ?*anyopaque = null;
const a = @max(alignment.toByteUnits(), @sizeOf(usize));
if (posix_memalign(&p, a, len) != 0) return null;
return @ptrCast(p);
}
fn bareResize(_: *anyopaque, _: []u8, _: @import("std").mem.Alignment, _: usize, _: usize) bool { return false; }
fn bareRemap(_: *anyopaque, _: []u8, _: @import("std").mem.Alignment, _: usize, _: usize) ?[*]u8 { return null; }
fn bareFree(_: *anyopaque, memory: []u8, _: @import("std").mem.Alignment, _: usize) void { free(@ptrCast(memory.ptr)); }
const vtable = @import("std").mem.Allocator.VTable{ .alloc = bareAlloc, .resize = bareResize, .remap = bareRemap, .free = bareFree };
const allocator = @import("std").mem.Allocator{ .ptr = undefined, .vtable = &vtable };
};
const __koru_backing = if (@import("builtin").link_libc) @import("std").heap.c_allocator else if (@import("builtin").os.tag == .freestanding) __koru_bare.allocator else @import("std").heap.page_allocator;
var __koru_leak_count: @import("std").atomic.Value(usize) = .init(0);
fn __koru_alloc(ctx: *anyopaque, len: usize, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, ret_addr: usize) ?[*]u8 {
_ = ctx;
const r = __koru_backing.rawAlloc(len, alignment, ret_addr);
if (comptime @import("builtin").mode == .Debug) {
if (r != null) _ = __koru_leak_count.fetchAdd(1, .monotonic);
}
return r;
}
fn __koru_resize(ctx: *anyopaque, memory: []u8, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, new_len: usize, ret_addr: usize) bool {
_ = ctx;
return __koru_backing.rawResize(memory, alignment, new_len, ret_addr);
}
fn __koru_remap(ctx: *anyopaque, memory: []u8, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, new_len: usize, ret_addr: usize) ?[*]u8 {
_ = ctx;
return __koru_backing.rawRemap(memory, alignment, new_len, ret_addr);
}
fn __koru_free(ctx: *anyopaque, memory: []u8, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, ret_addr: usize) void {
_ = ctx;
__koru_backing.rawFree(memory, alignment, ret_addr);
if (comptime @import("builtin").mode == .Debug) {
_ = __koru_leak_count.fetchSub(1, .monotonic);
}
}
const __koru_vtable = @import("std").mem.Allocator.VTable{ .alloc = __koru_alloc, .resize = __koru_resize, .remap = __koru_remap, .free = __koru_free };
pub fn koru_allocator() @import("std").mem.Allocator {
return .{ .ptr = undefined, .vtable = &__koru_vtable };
}
pub inline fn __koru_intcast(comptime T: type, x: anytype) T {
if (comptime (@import("builtin").mode == .Debug or @import("builtin").mode == .ReleaseSafe))
return @as(T, @intCast(x));
const dst = @typeInfo(T);
const src = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(x));
if (comptime (dst == .int and src == .int and dst.int.bits == src.int.bits and dst.int.signedness != src.int.signedness))
return @as(T, @bitCast(x));
return @as(T, @intCast(x));
}
pub fn koru_leak_check() void {
if (comptime @import("builtin").mode != .Debug) return;
if (__koru_leak_count.load(.acquire) == 0) return;
if (comptime @import("builtin").target.os.tag == .freestanding) {
if (comptime @import("builtin").cpu.arch == .wasm32 or @import("builtin").cpu.arch == .wasm64) {
@panic("KORU LEAK CHECK FAILED: the produced program leaked");
} else {
const __klc = struct { extern var stdout: ?*anyopaque; extern fn fputs(__s: [*:0]const u8, __st: ?*anyopaque) c_int; };
var __lb: [128]u8 = undefined;
const __lm = "KORU LEAK CHECK FAILED: allocations still outstanding at end of run: ";
@memcpy(__lb[0..__lm.len], __lm);
var __ln: usize = __lm.len;
var __lv = __koru_leak_count.load(.acquire);
var __ld: [20]u8 = undefined;
var __lk: usize = 0;
while (__lv > 0) : (__lk += 1) { __ld[__lk] = @intCast('0' + __lv % 10); __lv /= 10; }
for (0..__lk) |__li| { __lb[__ln] = __ld[__lk - 1 - __li]; __ln += 1; }
__lb[__ln] = '\n'; __ln += 1; __lb[__ln] = 0;
_ = __klc.fputs(@as([*:0]const u8, @ptrCast(&__lb)), __klc.stdout);
@trap();
}
} else {
@import("std").debug.print("KORU LEAK CHECK FAILED: the produced program leaked (trace above)\n", .{});
@import("std").process.exit(1);
}
}
pub const main_module = struct {
// >>> FLOW: tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_CODEGEN/230_003_math_builtins_cross_target/input.k:8 ~std.io:print.impl()
pub fn flow0() void {
(struct { fn __kout(__fd: i32, __b: []const u8) void { if (@import("builtin").os.tag == .freestanding) { const __kc = struct { extern var stdout: ?*anyopaque; extern var stderr: ?*anyopaque; extern fn fputs(__s: [*:0]const u8, __st: ?*anyopaque) c_int; }; var __kt: [4096]u8 = undefined; for (0..(__b.len + __kt.len - 2) / (__kt.len - 1)) |__ki| { const __kn = @min(__kt.len - 1, __b.len - __ki * (__kt.len - 1)); @memcpy(__kt[0..__kn], __b[__ki * (__kt.len - 1)..][0..__kn]); __kt[__kn] = 0; @import("std").mem.doNotOptimizeAway(__kc.fputs(@as([*:0]const u8, @ptrCast(&__kt)), if (__fd == 2) __kc.stderr else __kc.stdout)); } } else { @import("std").mem.doNotOptimizeAway(@import("std").posix.write(__fd, __b) catch @as(usize, 0)); } } fn __kw(comptime __f: []const u8, __a: anytype) void { var __kb: [65536]u8 = undefined; const __ks = @import("std").fmt.bufPrint(&__kb, __f, __a) catch __kb[0..0]; __kout(1, __ks); } }).__kw("sin {d:.4} cos {d:.4} tan {d:.4}\n", .{@sin(0.5), @cos(0.5), @tan(0.5)});
}
// >>> FLOW: tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_CODEGEN/230_003_math_builtins_cross_target/input.k:9 ~std.io:print.impl()
pub fn flow1() void {
(struct { fn __kout(__fd: i32, __b: []const u8) void { if (@import("builtin").os.tag == .freestanding) { const __kc = struct { extern var stdout: ?*anyopaque; extern var stderr: ?*anyopaque; extern fn fputs(__s: [*:0]const u8, __st: ?*anyopaque) c_int; }; var __kt: [4096]u8 = undefined; for (0..(__b.len + __kt.len - 2) / (__kt.len - 1)) |__ki| { const __kn = @min(__kt.len - 1, __b.len - __ki * (__kt.len - 1)); @memcpy(__kt[0..__kn], __b[__ki * (__kt.len - 1)..][0..__kn]); __kt[__kn] = 0; @import("std").mem.doNotOptimizeAway(__kc.fputs(@as([*:0]const u8, @ptrCast(&__kt)), if (__fd == 2) __kc.stderr else __kc.stdout)); } } else { @import("std").mem.doNotOptimizeAway(@import("std").posix.write(__fd, __b) catch @as(usize, 0)); } } fn __kw(comptime __f: []const u8, __a: anytype) void { var __kb: [65536]u8 = undefined; const __ks = @import("std").fmt.bufPrint(&__kb, __f, __a) catch __kb[0..0]; __kout(1, __ks); } }).__kw("exp {d:.4} exp2 {d:.4} log {d:.4} log2 {d:.4} log10 {d:.4}\n", .{@exp(1.0), @exp2(3.0), @log(10.0), @log2(8.0), @log10(1000.0)});
}
// >>> FLOW: tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_CODEGEN/230_003_math_builtins_cross_target/input.k:10 ~std.io:print.impl()
pub fn flow2() void {
(struct { fn __kout(__fd: i32, __b: []const u8) void { if (@import("builtin").os.tag == .freestanding) { const __kc = struct { extern var stdout: ?*anyopaque; extern var stderr: ?*anyopaque; extern fn fputs(__s: [*:0]const u8, __st: ?*anyopaque) c_int; }; var __kt: [4096]u8 = undefined; for (0..(__b.len + __kt.len - 2) / (__kt.len - 1)) |__ki| { const __kn = @min(__kt.len - 1, __b.len - __ki * (__kt.len - 1)); @memcpy(__kt[0..__kn], __b[__ki * (__kt.len - 1)..][0..__kn]); __kt[__kn] = 0; @import("std").mem.doNotOptimizeAway(__kc.fputs(@as([*:0]const u8, @ptrCast(&__kt)), if (__fd == 2) __kc.stderr else __kc.stdout)); } } else { @import("std").mem.doNotOptimizeAway(@import("std").posix.write(__fd, __b) catch @as(usize, 0)); } } fn __kw(comptime __f: []const u8, __a: anytype) void { var __kb: [65536]u8 = undefined; const __ks = @import("std").fmt.bufPrint(&__kb, __f, __a) catch __kb[0..0]; __kout(1, __ks); } }).__kw("floor {d:.4} ceil {d:.4} trunc {d:.4} sqrt {d:.4} abs {d:.4}\n", .{@floor(1.7), @ceil(1.2), @trunc(-1.7), @sqrt(2.0), @abs(-3.5)});
}
// >>> FLOW: tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_CODEGEN/230_003_math_builtins_cross_target/input.k:11 ~std.io:print.impl()
pub fn flow3() void {
(struct { fn __kout(__fd: i32, __b: []const u8) void { if (@import("builtin").os.tag == .freestanding) { const __kc = struct { extern var stdout: ?*anyopaque; extern var stderr: ?*anyopaque; extern fn fputs(__s: [*:0]const u8, __st: ?*anyopaque) c_int; }; var __kt: [4096]u8 = undefined; for (0..(__b.len + __kt.len - 2) / (__kt.len - 1)) |__ki| { const __kn = @min(__kt.len - 1, __b.len - __ki * (__kt.len - 1)); @memcpy(__kt[0..__kn], __b[__ki * (__kt.len - 1)..][0..__kn]); __kt[__kn] = 0; @import("std").mem.doNotOptimizeAway(__kc.fputs(@as([*:0]const u8, @ptrCast(&__kt)), if (__fd == 2) __kc.stderr else __kc.stdout)); } } else { @import("std").mem.doNotOptimizeAway(@import("std").posix.write(__fd, __b) catch @as(usize, 0)); } } fn __kw(comptime __f: []const u8, __a: anytype) void { var __kb: [65536]u8 = undefined; const __ks = @import("std").fmt.bufPrint(&__kb, __f, __a) catch __kb[0..0]; __kout(1, __ks); } }).__kw("min {d:.4} max {d:.4}\n", .{@min(1.0, 2.5), @max(1.0, 2.5)});
}
pub fn koru_start_flow() void {
const result_0 = koru_koru.start_event.handler(.{ });
const result_0_done = result_0.done;
_ = &result_0_done;
}
pub fn koru_end_flow() void {
const result_0 = koru_koru.end_event.handler(.{ });
const result_0_done = result_0.done;
_ = &result_0_done;
}
};
pub const koru_koru = struct {
pub const start_event = struct {
pub const Input = struct {
};
pub const Output = union(enum(u8)) {
done: struct {
},
};
pub fn handler(__koru_event_input: @This().Input) @This().Output {
_ = &__koru_event_input;
return .{ .done = .{} };
}
};
pub const end_event = struct {
pub const Input = struct {
};
pub const Output = union(enum(u8)) {
done: struct {
},
};
pub fn handler(__koru_event_input: @This().Input) @This().Output {
_ = &__koru_event_input;
return .{ .done = .{} };
}
};
};
pub fn main() void {
main_module.koru_start_flow();
main_module.flow0();
main_module.flow1();
main_module.flow2();
main_module.flow3();
main_module.koru_end_flow();
if (comptime @import("builtin").mode == .Debug) koru_leak_check();
}
test {
@import("std").testing.refAllDeclsRecursive(@This());
}
Emitted C# source
static class main_module {
public static void __koru_stdout_write(dynamic s) => global::System.Console.Out.Write(s);
public static void __koru_stderr_write(dynamic s) => global::System.Console.Error.Write(s);
// The mutable handle carrier — `*String`-style resources are
// `new __KoruBox { data = … }` because C# anonymous types are
// read-only: `s.data = …` (std/string append/clear, handle
// mutation generally) needs a settable member.
public class __KoruBox { public dynamic data; }
// Textification for `{{ … }}` operands: C# bool ToStrings as
// `True` where Koru prints `true`, and the operand's static type
// is unknown at this boundary — a `(x) is bool` inline test would
// be a compile error on statically-typed operands instead. Generic
// on purpose: `dynamic` boxed every value-type operand — measured
// ~1s/10M elements on 012_threat_scanner — while T specializes to
// the operand's own ToString() with no box.
public static string __koru_str<T>(T v) => v is bool b ? (b ? "true" : "false") : v?.ToString();
public static class std_io_print_impl_event {
public struct Input {
public dynamic expr;
}
public static dynamic handler(dynamic __koru_input) {
throw new global::System.Exception("std.io:impl has no C# implementation — its body resolves only to a non-cs target (|zig / [comptime]), directly or through a callee");
}
}
public static class koru_start_event {
public struct Input {
}
public struct Output {
public string tag;
public dynamic done;
}
public static Output handler(Input __koru_input) => new Output { tag = "done" };
}
public static class koru_end_event {
public struct Input {
}
public struct Output {
public string tag;
public dynamic done;
}
public static Output handler(Input __koru_input) => new Output { tag = "done" };
}
public static void flow0() {
__koru_stdout_write("sin " + (global::System.Math.Sin(0.5)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " cos " + (global::System.Math.Cos(0.5)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " tan " + (global::System.Math.Tan(0.5)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + "\n");
}
public static void flow1() {
__koru_stdout_write("exp " + (global::System.Math.Exp(1.0)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " exp2 " + (global::System.Math.Pow(2, 3.0)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " log " + (global::System.Math.Log(10.0)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " log2 " + (global::System.Math.Log2(8.0)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " log10 " + (global::System.Math.Log10(1000.0)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + "\n");
}
public static void flow2() {
__koru_stdout_write("floor " + (global::System.Math.Floor(1.7)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " ceil " + (global::System.Math.Ceiling(1.2)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " trunc " + (global::System.Math.Truncate(-1.7)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " sqrt " + (global::System.Math.Sqrt(2.0)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " abs " + (global::System.Math.Abs(-3.5)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + "\n");
}
public static void flow3() {
__koru_stdout_write("min " + (global::System.Math.Min(1.0, 2.5)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + " max " + (global::System.Math.Max(1.0, 2.5)).ToString("F4", global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + "\n");
}
public static void flow4() {
main_module.koru_start_event.handler(new koru_start_event.Input { });
}
public static void flow5() {
main_module.koru_end_event.handler(new koru_end_event.Input { });
}
}
static class Program {
static void Main() {
main_module.flow4();
main_module.flow0();
main_module.flow1();
main_module.flow2();
main_module.flow3();
main_module.flow5();
}
}
Flows
flow ~print click a branch to expand · @labels scroll to their anchor
print (expr: "sin {{ @sin(0.5):d:.4 }} cos {{ @cos(0.5):d:.4 }} tan {{ @tan(0.5):d:.4 }}\n")
flow ~print click a branch to expand · @labels scroll to their anchor
print (expr: "exp {{ @exp(1.0):d:.4 }} exp2 {{ @exp2(3.0):d:.4 }} log {{ @log(10.0):d:.4 }} log2 {{ @log2(8.0):d:.4 }} log10 {{ @log10(1000.0):d:.4 }}\n")
flow ~print click a branch to expand · @labels scroll to their anchor
print (expr: "floor {{ @floor(1.7):d:.4 }} ceil {{ @ceil(1.2):d:.4 }} trunc {{ @trunc(-1.7):d:.4 }} sqrt {{ @sqrt(2.0):d:.4 }} abs {{ @abs(-3.5):d:.4 }}\n")
flow ~print click a branch to expand · @labels scroll to their anchor
print (expr: "min {{ @min(1.0, 2.5):d:.4 }} max {{ @max(1.0, 2.5):d:.4 }}\n")
Test Configuration
MUST_RUN LANGUAGES: zig js cs