✓
Passing This code compiles and runs correctly.
Code
// Pin: nested INLINED effect events that share an input arg name emit
// shadowing `const`s. `outer(n: 3)` inlines its body; inside its `! v` arm it
// calls `leaf(n: 3)` which ALSO inlines — and both lower their `n` arg to
// `const n = (3)` in NESTED scopes, so the inner one shadows the outer:
//
// { const n = (3); ... { const n = (3); ... } } // Zig: shadow error
//
// The fix is to give each inline frame's arg binding a scope-unique name (or
// reuse the outer when identical). Surfaced by the nested_3_levels benchmark.
//
// Expected: outer fires `v` 3×; each firing inlines leaf, which fires `v` 3×;
// each of those calls inc → counter = 3 × 3 = 9.
~import std/io
const std = @import("std");
var counter: u64 = 0;
~pub tor leaf { n: u64 }
! v u64
~proc leaf|zig {
for (0..n) |i| v(i);
}
~pub tor outer { n: u64 }
! v u64
~proc outer|zig {
for (0..n) |i| v(i);
}
~pub tor inc {}
~proc inc|zig {
counter +%= 1;
}
~pub tor show {}
~proc show|zig {
std.debug.print("{d}\n", .{counter});
}
~outer(n: 3)
! v _ |> leaf(n: 3)
! v _ |> inc()
~show()
Supporting Files
using static KoruHost;
static class KoruHost {
public static ulong counter = 0;
}
~proc leaf|cs {
for (ulong i = 0; i < n; i++) v(i);
}
~proc outer|cs {
for (ulong i = 0; i < n; i++) v(i);
}
~proc inc|cs {
counter += 1;
}
~proc show|cs {
__koru_stdout_write($"{counter}\n");
}Actual
9
Expected output
✓ Zig✓ C#9
Emitted Zig source
// Access compiler flags via the per-user compiler_env module
const CompilerEnv = @import("compiler_env").CompilerEnv;
pub const panic = if (@import("builtin").mode == .Debug)
@import("std").debug.FullPanic(@import("std").debug.defaultPanic)
else
@import("std").debug.simple_panic;
const __koru_bare = struct {
extern fn posix_memalign(memptr: *?*anyopaque, alignment: usize, size: usize) c_int;
extern fn free(ptr: ?*anyopaque) void;
fn bareAlloc(_: *anyopaque, len: usize, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, _: usize) ?[*]u8 {
var p: ?*anyopaque = null;
const a = @max(alignment.toByteUnits(), @sizeOf(usize));
if (posix_memalign(&p, a, len) != 0) return null;
return @ptrCast(p);
}
fn bareResize(_: *anyopaque, _: []u8, _: @import("std").mem.Alignment, _: usize, _: usize) bool { return false; }
fn bareRemap(_: *anyopaque, _: []u8, _: @import("std").mem.Alignment, _: usize, _: usize) ?[*]u8 { return null; }
fn bareFree(_: *anyopaque, memory: []u8, _: @import("std").mem.Alignment, _: usize) void { free(@ptrCast(memory.ptr)); }
const vtable = @import("std").mem.Allocator.VTable{ .alloc = bareAlloc, .resize = bareResize, .remap = bareRemap, .free = bareFree };
const allocator = @import("std").mem.Allocator{ .ptr = undefined, .vtable = &vtable };
};
const __koru_backing = if (@import("builtin").link_libc) @import("std").heap.c_allocator else if (@import("builtin").os.tag == .freestanding) __koru_bare.allocator else @import("std").heap.page_allocator;
var __koru_leak_count: @import("std").atomic.Value(usize) = .init(0);
fn __koru_alloc(ctx: *anyopaque, len: usize, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, ret_addr: usize) ?[*]u8 {
_ = ctx;
const r = __koru_backing.rawAlloc(len, alignment, ret_addr);
if (comptime @import("builtin").mode == .Debug) {
if (r != null) _ = __koru_leak_count.fetchAdd(1, .monotonic);
}
return r;
}
fn __koru_resize(ctx: *anyopaque, memory: []u8, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, new_len: usize, ret_addr: usize) bool {
_ = ctx;
return __koru_backing.rawResize(memory, alignment, new_len, ret_addr);
}
fn __koru_remap(ctx: *anyopaque, memory: []u8, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, new_len: usize, ret_addr: usize) ?[*]u8 {
_ = ctx;
return __koru_backing.rawRemap(memory, alignment, new_len, ret_addr);
}
fn __koru_free(ctx: *anyopaque, memory: []u8, alignment: @import("std").mem.Alignment, ret_addr: usize) void {
_ = ctx;
__koru_backing.rawFree(memory, alignment, ret_addr);
if (comptime @import("builtin").mode == .Debug) {
_ = __koru_leak_count.fetchSub(1, .monotonic);
}
}
const __koru_vtable = @import("std").mem.Allocator.VTable{ .alloc = __koru_alloc, .resize = __koru_resize, .remap = __koru_remap, .free = __koru_free };
pub fn koru_allocator() @import("std").mem.Allocator {
return .{ .ptr = undefined, .vtable = &__koru_vtable };
}
pub inline fn __koru_intcast(comptime T: type, x: anytype) T {
if (comptime (@import("builtin").mode == .Debug or @import("builtin").mode == .ReleaseSafe))
return @as(T, @intCast(x));
const dst = @typeInfo(T);
const src = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(x));
if (comptime (dst == .int and src == .int and dst.int.bits == src.int.bits and dst.int.signedness != src.int.signedness))
return @as(T, @bitCast(x));
return @as(T, @intCast(x));
}
pub fn koru_leak_check() void {
if (comptime @import("builtin").mode != .Debug) return;
if (__koru_leak_count.load(.acquire) == 0) return;
if (comptime @import("builtin").target.os.tag == .freestanding) {
if (comptime @import("builtin").cpu.arch == .wasm32 or @import("builtin").cpu.arch == .wasm64) {
@panic("KORU LEAK CHECK FAILED: the produced program leaked");
} else {
const __klc = struct { extern var stdout: ?*anyopaque; extern fn fputs(__s: [*:0]const u8, __st: ?*anyopaque) c_int; };
var __lb: [128]u8 = undefined;
const __lm = "KORU LEAK CHECK FAILED: allocations still outstanding at end of run: ";
@memcpy(__lb[0..__lm.len], __lm);
var __ln: usize = __lm.len;
var __lv = __koru_leak_count.load(.acquire);
var __ld: [20]u8 = undefined;
var __lk: usize = 0;
while (__lv > 0) : (__lk += 1) { __ld[__lk] = @intCast('0' + __lv % 10); __lv /= 10; }
for (0..__lk) |__li| { __lb[__ln] = __ld[__lk - 1 - __li]; __ln += 1; }
__lb[__ln] = '\n'; __ln += 1; __lb[__ln] = 0;
_ = __klc.fputs(@as([*:0]const u8, @ptrCast(&__lb)), __klc.stdout);
@trap();
}
} else {
@import("std").debug.print("KORU LEAK CHECK FAILED: the produced program leaked (trace above)\n", .{});
@import("std").process.exit(1);
}
}
pub const main_module = struct {
const std = @import("std");
var counter: u64 = 0;
pub const leaf_event = struct {
pub const Input = struct {
n: u64,
};
pub const Output = void;
pub fn handler(__koru_event_input: @This().Input, comptime __H: type) @This().Output {
const v = __H.v;
_ = &v;
// >>> PROC: leaf [tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_EMITTER/230_015_nested_inline_effect_arg_shadow/input.kz:23]
const n = __koru_event_input.n;
_ = &n;
_ = &__koru_event_input;
for (0..n) |i| v(i);
}
};
pub const outer_event = struct {
pub const Input = struct {
n: u64,
};
pub const Output = void;
pub fn handler(__koru_event_input: @This().Input, comptime __H: type) @This().Output {
const v = __H.v;
_ = &v;
// >>> PROC: outer [tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_EMITTER/230_015_nested_inline_effect_arg_shadow/input.kz:30]
const n = __koru_event_input.n;
_ = &n;
_ = &__koru_event_input;
for (0..n) |i| v(i);
}
};
pub const inc_event = struct {
pub const Input = struct {
};
pub const Output = void;
pub fn handler(__koru_event_input: @This().Input) @This().Output {
// >>> PROC: inc [tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_EMITTER/230_015_nested_inline_effect_arg_shadow/input.kz:36]
_ = &__koru_event_input;
counter +%= 1;
}
};
pub const show_event = struct {
pub const Input = struct {
};
pub const Output = void;
pub fn handler(__koru_event_input: @This().Input) @This().Output {
// >>> PROC: show [tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_EMITTER/230_015_nested_inline_effect_arg_shadow/input.kz:42]
_ = &__koru_event_input;
std.debug.print("{d}\n", .{counter});
}
};
// >>> FLOW: tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_EMITTER/230_015_nested_inline_effect_arg_shadow/input.kz:46 ~input:outer()
pub fn flow0() void {
{
const n = (3); _ = &n;
for (0..n) |i| { const _auto_6 = i; _ = &_auto_6; {
for (0..n) |i_0| { const _auto_7 = i_0; _ = &_auto_7; _ = main_module.inc_event.handler(.{ });
}
}
}
}
}
// >>> FLOW: tests/regression/200_COMPILER_FEATURES/230_EMITTER/230_015_nested_inline_effect_arg_shadow/input.kz:49 ~input:show()
pub fn flow1() void {
_ = main_module.show_event.handler(.{ });
}
pub fn koru_start_flow() void {
const result_0 = koru_koru.start_event.handler(.{ });
const result_0_done = result_0.done;
_ = &result_0_done;
}
pub fn koru_end_flow() void {
const result_0 = koru_koru.end_event.handler(.{ });
const result_0_done = result_0.done;
_ = &result_0_done;
}
};
pub const koru_koru = struct {
pub const start_event = struct {
pub const Input = struct {
};
pub const Output = union(enum(u8)) {
done: struct {
},
};
pub fn handler(__koru_event_input: @This().Input) @This().Output {
_ = &__koru_event_input;
return .{ .done = .{} };
}
};
pub const end_event = struct {
pub const Input = struct {
};
pub const Output = union(enum(u8)) {
done: struct {
},
};
pub fn handler(__koru_event_input: @This().Input) @This().Output {
_ = &__koru_event_input;
return .{ .done = .{} };
}
};
};
pub fn main() void {
main_module.koru_start_flow();
main_module.flow0();
main_module.flow1();
main_module.koru_end_flow();
if (comptime @import("builtin").mode == .Debug) koru_leak_check();
}
test {
@import("std").testing.refAllDeclsRecursive(@This());
}
Emitted C# source
using static KoruHost;
static class KoruHost {
public static ulong counter = 0;
}
static class main_module {
public static void __koru_stdout_write(dynamic s) => global::System.Console.Out.Write(s);
public static void __koru_stderr_write(dynamic s) => global::System.Console.Error.Write(s);
// The mutable handle carrier — `*String`-style resources are
// `new __KoruBox { data = … }` because C# anonymous types are
// read-only: `s.data = …` (std/string append/clear, handle
// mutation generally) needs a settable member.
public class __KoruBox { public dynamic data; }
// Textification for `{{ … }}` operands: C# bool ToStrings as
// `True` where Koru prints `true`, and the operand's static type
// is unknown at this boundary — a `(x) is bool` inline test would
// be a compile error on statically-typed operands instead. Generic
// on purpose: `dynamic` boxed every value-type operand — measured
// ~1s/10M elements on 012_threat_scanner — while T specializes to
// the operand's own ToString() with no box.
public static string __koru_str<T>(T v) => v is bool b ? (b ? "true" : "false") : v?.ToString();
public static class leaf_event {
public struct Input {
public ulong n;
}
public interface IOps {
void v(ulong __koru_arg);
}
public static dynamic handler<H>(Input __koru_input, H ops) where H : struct, IOps {
void v(ulong __koru_arg) => ops.v(__koru_arg);
var n = __koru_input.n;
for (ulong i = 0; i < n; i++) v(i);
return default;
}
}
public static class outer_event {
public struct Input {
public ulong n;
}
public interface IOps {
void v(ulong __koru_arg);
}
public static dynamic handler<H>(Input __koru_input, H ops) where H : struct, IOps {
void v(ulong __koru_arg) => ops.v(__koru_arg);
var n = __koru_input.n;
for (ulong i = 0; i < n; i++) v(i);
return default;
}
}
public static class inc_event {
public struct Input {
}
public static dynamic handler(Input __koru_input) {
var counter = KoruHost.counter;
counter += 1;
KoruHost.counter = counter;
return default;
}
}
public static class show_event {
public struct Input {
}
public static dynamic handler(Input __koru_input) {
var counter = KoruHost.counter;
__koru_stdout_write($"{counter}\n");
KoruHost.counter = counter;
return default;
}
}
public static class koru_start_event {
public struct Input {
}
public struct Output {
public string tag;
public dynamic done;
}
public static Output handler(Input __koru_input) => new Output { tag = "done" };
}
public static class koru_end_event {
public struct Input {
}
public struct Output {
public string tag;
public dynamic done;
}
public static Output handler(Input __koru_input) => new Output { tag = "done" };
}
public static void flow0() {
var __koru_handlers_0 = new __koru_handlers_0 { };
main_module.outer_event.handler(new outer_event.Input { n = (ulong)(3)}, __koru_handlers_0);
}
public static void flow1() {
{
__koru_stdout_write($"{counter}\n");
}
}
public static void flow2() {
main_module.koru_start_event.handler(new koru_start_event.Input { });
}
public static void flow3() {
main_module.koru_end_event.handler(new koru_end_event.Input { });
}
struct __koru_handlers_0 : outer_event.IOps {
struct __koru_handlers_2 : leaf_event.IOps {
public global::System.Func<dynamic, dynamic> __koru_fn_v;
public void v(ulong __koru_arm_3) => __koru_fn_v(__koru_arm_3);
}
public void v(ulong __koru_arm_1) {
var _auto_6 = __koru_arm_1;
var __koru_handlers_2 = new __koru_handlers_2 { __koru_fn_v = (__koru_arm_3) => {
var _auto_7 = __koru_arm_3;
return main_module.inc_event.handler(new inc_event.Input { });
}, };
main_module.leaf_event.handler(new leaf_event.Input { n = (ulong)(3)}, __koru_handlers_2);
}
}
}
static class Program {
static void Main() {
main_module.flow2();
main_module.flow0();
main_module.flow1();
main_module.flow3();
}
}
Flows
flow ~outer click a branch to expand · @labels scroll to their anchor
outer (n: 3)
flow ~show click a branch to expand · @labels scroll to their anchor
show
Test Configuration
MUST_RUN LANGUAGES: zig cs